Federal Consumer Information Center Understanding Treatment Choices

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Understanding Treatment Choices for Prostate Cancer
US TOO International, Inc.
National Cancer Institute

Know Your Options
A Prostate Cancer Education Program

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Table of Contents Forward Introduction What Is the Prostate Gland? Is It Prostate Cancer?      Biopsy      Grading the Cancer      Staging the Cancer      Lymph Nodes      Second Opinions Making Treatment Choices Treatment Options for Localized Disease      Watchful Waiting      Surgery           The procedure           Possible problems      Radiation Therapy         External beam radiation therapy           Possible problems          Internal radiation therapy           Possible problems Treatment Options for Disease That Has Spread         Hormonal Therapy           Possible problems          Clinical Trials           Cryosurgery           Early hormonal therapy           Chemotherapy           Conformal radiation therapy          Complementary Therapies Considering Your Chances of Survival         Stage I and Stage II         Stage III         Stage IV Pain Management The Decision Is Yours Questions To Ask Your Doctor Followup Care Resources Glossary

When my doctor said, "General, you have prostate cancer," I was thrust into an immediate and fearful state of confusion. I can still recall my inability to move a muscle for what seemed like an eternity after hearing my diagnosis. As I look back, I am thankful for the many resources available to me: my doctor's skill and the unwavering support of my family and loved ones. But another resource I am most thankful for was the availability of an abundance of information that helped me plan my own fight against this dreaded disease. General H. Norman Schwarzkopf US Army (retired) Commander in Chief, United States Central Command Operation Desert Sheild / Desert Storm Foreword This year in the United States, almost 180,000 men will be told that they have prostate cancer. After a diagnosis of prostate cancer, a man and his family face several choices regarding treatment. Decisions involve many factors, personal as well as medical. Before making these decisions, it a very important that he learns about all the options available. This booklet can help a man and his family understand what a diagnosis of prostate cancer means and what treatment choices are offered. It suggests questions to ask the doctor and identifies other resources for more information. To help you understand the meaning of the words you will hear used to describe your cancer, medical terms are printed in bold type and are explained in the Glossary section at the back of this booklet. With this knowledge, a newly diagnosed prostate cancer patient can participate more confidently with his doctor in planning his individual treatment. Introduction Prostate cancer is common to older men. By age 50, about one-third of American men have microscopic signs of prostate cancer. By age 75, half to three-quarters of men will have some cancerous changes in their prostate glands. Most of these cancers remain latent, producing no signs of symptoms, or are so indolent, or slow-growing, that they never become a serious threat to health. A much smaller number of men will actually be treated for prostate cancer. About 16 percent of American men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lives; 8 percent will develop significant symptoms; and 3 percent will die of the disease. Until the last several years, prostate cancer death rates had been rising steadily. For example, this cancer in 1932 killed 17 of every 100,000 American men. By 1991, this number had reached 25 in 100,000. Since then, however, the death rates have been declining. The reasons for both the earlier increase and the recent decline in the prostate cancer death rates are unclear.

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What is the Prostate Gland?>>

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