|
Gas-Saving
Products: Facts or Fuelishness
April 2001
Federal Trade
Commission
Gas prices are up, and so
is the volume of advertising for "gas-saving" products. When gasoline prices
rise, consumers often look for ways to improve fuel efficiency. Although there
are practical steps you can take to increase gas mileage, the Federal Trade
Commission (FTC) warns you to be wary of any gas-saving claims for automotive
devices or oil and gas additives. Even for the few gas-saving products that
have been found to work, the savings have been small.
"Gas-Saving" Advertising Claims
Be
skeptical of the following kinds of advertising claims.
Claims usually tout savings ranging from 12 to 25
percent. However, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has evaluated or
tested more than 100 alleged gas-saving devices and has not found any product
that significantly improves gas mileage. In fact, some "gas-saving" products
may damage a car's engine or cause substantial increases in exhaust
emissions.
The gas-saving products on the market fall into clearly
defined categories. Although the EPA has not tested or evaluated every product,
it has tried to examine at least one product in each category. See "Devices Tested by EPA" at the end of this brochure for
category descriptions and product names.
- "After installing your product on my car, I got an extra 4
miles [6.4 kilometers] per gallon [3.8 liters]."
Many ads feature glowing testimonials by satisfied customers.
Yet, few consumers have the ability or the equipment to test for precise
changes in gas mileage after installing a gas-saving product. Many variables
affect fuel consumption, including traffic, road and weather conditions, and
the car's condition.
For example, one consumer sent a letter to a company praising
its "gas-saving" product. At the time the product was installed, however, the
consumer also had received a complete engine tune-up - a fact not mentioned in
the letter. The entire increase in gas mileage attributed to the "gas-saving"
product may well have been the result of the tune-up alone. But from the ad,
other consumers could not have known that.
- "This gas-saving device is approved by the Federal
government."
No government agency endorses gas-saving products for cars. The
most that can be claimed in advertising is that the EPA has reached certain
conclusions about possible gas savings by testing the product or by evaluating
the manufacturer's own test data. If the seller claims that its product has
been evaluated by the EPA, ask for a copy of the EPA report, or check
www.epa.gov for information. In some instances, false claims of EPA testing or
approval have been made.
Product Complaints and Refunds
If you're
dissatisfied with a gas-saving product, contact the manufacturer and ask for a
refund. Most companies offer money-back guarantees. Contact the company, even
if the guarantee period has expired.
If you're not satisfied with the company's response, contact your
local or state consumer protection agency or the Better Business Bureau.
Shifting Gears: Real Money-Saving
Steps
There are numerous no- or low-cost steps you can take to combat
rising gas prices. The most important place to start is at the gas pump; buy
only the octane level gas you need. All gas pumps must post the octane rating
of the gas under the FTC's Fuel Rating Rule. Remember, the higher the octane,
the higher the price. Check your owner's manual to determine the right octane
level for your car.
Here are some additional tips from the EPA to help you get better
gas mileage.
Drive more efficiently
- Stay within posted speed limits. The faster you drive,
the more fuel you use. For example, driving at 65 miles per hour (mph), rather
than 55 mph, increases fuel consumption by 20 percent. Driving at 75 mph,
rather than 65 mph, increases fuel consumption by another 25 percent.
- Use overdrive gears. Overdrive gears improve the fuel
economy of your car during highway driving. Your car's engine speed decreases
when you use overdrive. This reduces both fuel consumption and engine
wear.
- Use cruise control. Using cruise control on highway
trips can help you maintain a constant speed and, in most cases, reduce your
fuel consumption.
- Anticipate driving situations. If you anticipate
traffic conditions and don't tailgate, you can avoid unnecessary braking and
acceleration, and improve your fuel economy by 5 to 10 percent. In city
driving, nearly 50 percent of the energy needed to power your car goes to
acceleration. Go easy on the gas pedal and brakes. "Jack-rabbit" starts and
sudden stops are wasteful.
- Avoid unnecessary idling. Turn off the engine if you
anticipate a lengthy wait. No matter how efficient your car is, unnecessary
idling wastes fuel, costs you money and pollutes the air.
- Combine errands. Several short trips taken from a cold
start can use twice as much fuel as one trip covering the same
distance when the engine is warm.
- Remove excess weight from the trunk. Avoid carrying
unneeded items, especially heavy ones. An extra 100 pounds in the trunk reduces
a typical car's fuel economy by one to two percent.
Maintain your car
- Keep your engine tuned. Studies have shown that a
poorly tuned engine can increase fuel consumption by as much as 10 to 20
percent depending on a car's condition. Follow the recommended maintenance
schedule in your owner's manual; you'll save fuel and your car will run better
and last longer.
- Keep your tires properly inflated and aligned. Car
manufacturers must place a label in the car stating the correct tire pressure.
The label usually is on the edge of the door or door jamb, in the glove box, or
on the inside of the gas cap cover. If the label lists a psi (pounds
per square inch) range, use the higher number to maximize your fuel efficiency.
Underinflated tires cause fuel consumption to increase by six percent.
- Change your oil. Clean oil reduces wear caused by
friction between moving parts and removes harmful substances from the engine.
Change your oil as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.
- Check and replace air filters regularly. Your car's
air filter keeps impurities in the air from damaging internal engine
components. Not only will replacing a dirty air filter improve your fuel
economy, it also will protect your engine. Clogged filters can cause up to a 10
percent increase in fuel consumption.
Consider buying a fuel efficient vehicle
Deciding which vehicle to buy may be the most important fuel
economy decision you make. The difference between a car that gets 20 MPG (miles
per gallon) and one that gets 30 MPG amounts to $1,500 over 5 years, assuming
gas costs $1.50 per gallon and you drive 15,000 miles a year.
Visit www.fueleconomy.gov
for more information. You'll find gas mileage estimates and other data from EPA
for 1985-2001 model year cars.
EPA Evaluation Efforts
The EPA evaluates
or tests products to determine whether their use will result in any significant
improvement or detriment to fuel economy. However, the EPA cannot say what
effect gas-saving products will have on a vehicle over time because it hasn't
conducted any durability tests. It's possible that some products may harm the
car or may otherwise adversely affect its performance. In fact, today's
vehicles' emission control systems are very sophisticated and complex. They
have On Board Diagnostic features that alert the driver to problems associated
with the emission control and fuel delivery systems. Retrofit products may have
an adverse effect on these systems.
Devices Tested by EPA
The following list categorizes various types of "gas-saving" products,
explains how they're used and gives product names. Those with asterisks may
save measurable, but small, amounts of gas. All others have been found
not to increase fuel economy.
Air Bleed Devices. These devices bleed air into
the carburetor. They usually are installed in the Positive Crankcase
Ventilation line or as a replacement for idle-mixture screws.
The EPA has evaluated the following products: ADAKS Vacuum Breaker
Air Bleed; Air-Jet Air Bleed; Aquablast Wyman Valve Air Bleed; Auto-Miser;
Ball-Matic Air Bleed; Berg Air Bleed; Brisko PCV; Cyclone-Z; Econo Needle Air
Bleed; Econo-Jet Air Bleed Idle Screws; Fuel Max*; Gas Saving Device; Grancor
Air Computer; Hot Tip; Landrum Mini-Carb; Landrum Retrofit Air Bleed; Mini
Turbocharger Air Bleed; Monocar HC Control Air Bleed; Peterman Air Bleed;
Pollution Master Air Bleed; Ram-Jet; Turbo-Dyne G.R. Valve.
Vapor Bleed Devices. These devices are similar to
the air bleed devices, except that induced air is bubbled through a container
of a water and anti-freeze mixture, usually located in the engine
compartment.
The EPA has evaluated: Atomized Vapor Injector; Frantz Vapor
Injection System; Hydro-Vac: POWERFUeL; Mark II Vapor Injection System;
Platinum Gasaver; V-70 Vapor Injector; SCATPAC Vacuum Vapor Induction System:
Econo-Mist Vacuum Vapor Injection System; Turbo Vapor Injection System.
Liquid Injection. These products add liquid into
the fuel/air intake system and not directly into the combustion chamber.
The EPA has evaluated: Goodman Engine System - Model 1800;
Waag-Injection System*.
Ignition Devices. These devices
are attached to the ignition system or are used to replace original equipment
or parts.
The EPA has evaluated: Autosaver; Baur Condenser; BIAP Electronic
Ignition Unit; Fuel Economizer; Magna Flash Ignition Control System; Paser
Magnum/Paser 500/Paser 500 HEI; Special Formula Ignition Advance Springs.
Fuel Line Devices (heaters or coolers). These
devices heat the fuel before it enters the carburetor. Usually, the fuel is
heated by the engine coolant or by the exhaust or electrical system.
The EPA has evaluated: FuelXpander; Gas Meiser I; Greer Fuel
Preheater; Jacona Fuel System; Optimizer; Russell Fuelmiser.
Fuel Line Devices (magnets). These magnetic
devices, clamped to the outside of the fuel line or installed in the fuel line,
claim to change the molecular structure of gasoline.
The EPA has evaluated: PETRO-MIZER; POLARION-X; Super-Mag Fuel
Extender; Wickliff Polarizer [fuel line magnet/intake air magnet].
Fuel Line Devices (metallic). Typically, these
devices contain several dissimilar metals that are installed in the fuel line,
supposedly causing ionization of the fuel.
The EPA has evaluated: Malpassi Filter King [fuel pressure
regulator]; Moleculetor.
Mixture Enhancers (under the carburetor). These
devices are mounted between the carburetor and intake manifold and supposedly
enhance the mixing or vaporization of the air/fuel mixture.
The EPA has
evaluated: Energy Gas Saver; Environmental Fuel Saver; Gas Saving and Emission
Control Improvement Device; Glynn-50; Hydro-Catalyst Pre-Combustion Catalyst
System; PETROMIZER SYSTEM; Sav-A-Mile; Spritzer; Turbo-Carb; Turbocarb.
Mixture Enhancers (others). These devices make
some general modifications to the vehicle intake system.
The EPA has evaluated: Basko Enginecoat; Dresser Economizer;
Electro-Dyne Superchoke; Filtron Urethane Foam Filter; Lamkin Fuel Metering
Device; Smith Power and Deceleration Governor.
Internal Engine Modifications. These devices make
physical or mechanical function changes to the engine.
The EPA has evaluated: ACDS Automotive Cylinder Deactivation
System*; Dresser Economizer; MSU Cylinder Deactivation*.
Accessory Drive Modifiers. These devices reduce
power to specific auto accessories.
The EPA has evaluated: Morse Constant
Speed Accessory Drive**; P.A.S.S. Kit**;
PASS Master Vehicle Air Conditioner**.
Fuels and Fuel Additives. These materials are
added to the gas tank.
The EPA has evaluated: Bycosin; EI-5 Fuel Additive; Fuelon Power;
Johnson Fuel Additive; NRG #1 Fuel Additive; QEI 400 Fuel Additive; Rolfite
Upgrade Fuel Additive; Sta-Power Fuel Additive; Stargas Fuel Additive;
SYNeRGy-1; Technol G Fuel Additive; ULX-15/ULX-15D; Vareb 10 Fuel Additive; XRG
#1 Fuel Additive.
Oils and Oil Additives. Usually these materials
are poured into the crankcase.
The EPA has evaluated: Analube Synthetic Lubricant; Tephguard.
Driving Habit Modifiers. These are lights or
sound devices to tell the driver to reduce acceleration or to shift gears.
The EPA has evaluated: AUTOTHERM**; Fuel
Conservation Device; Gastell; IDALERT**.
Miscellaneous.
The EPA has evaluated: BRAKE-EZ; Dynamix; Fuel Maximiser; Gyroscopic Wheel
Cover; Kamei Spoilers**; Kat's Engine Heater; Lee Exhaust and
Fuel Gasification EGR; Mesco Moisture Extraction System; P.S.C.U. 01 Device;
Treis Emulsifier.
* Indicated a very small improvement in fuel
economy but with an increase in exhaust emissions. According to Federal
regulations, installation of this device could be considered illegal
tampering.
** Indicated a very small improvement in fuel
economy without an increase in exhaust emissions. However, cost-effectiveness
must be determined by the consumer for a particular application.
For More Information
For information
about EPA test procedures and test results, write:
Verification and Compliance Division,
Office of Transportation
and Air Quality,
Environmental Protection Agency,
2000 Traverwood
Drive,
Ann Arbor, MI 48105;
or call: 734-214-4925. |
Get the Savvy Consumer Newsletter! (FREE)